Example Backup/Restore Commands
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- NEVER automount your backup directories
- the infamous "rm -rf /" will erase your automounted backups too
- Always mount the backup directory before performing backups
- Always unmount the backup directory when done performing backups
- Prune your backups of un-necessary files from being backed up
- tar --exclude /tmp --exclude /proc ...
- egrep ".netscape/cache| *.o | *.swp | *~ | ..."
- Be sure that the backup files is NOT group/world writable/readable
- It'd contain confidential data, passwds etc
- chown root /Backup_Dir/Date.x.tgz
- chgrp backup /Backup_Dir/Date.x.tgz
- chmod 440 /Backup_Dir/Date.x.tgz
- encrypt your backup files if you are really paranoid about your passwd files
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| Example Backup Commands |
- Creating datestamps for file names
- date '+%Y%m%d'
Ouputs 20020615 for June 15, 2002
- date '+%Y.%m.%d'
Ouputs 2002.06.15 for June 15, 2002
www.thing.dyndns.org bash examples
- dd -- copying partitions, mirror'd partitions
- mounting and unmounting is NOT needed in this case
- dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/dev/hdb1 bs=1024
- Simplified tar --newer Incremental Backup example
- LastBackupTime = `cat /Backup_Dir/Last.txt`
- tar zcvf --newer $LastBackupTime /Backup_Dir/Date.x.tgz $DIRS
- echo "Date" > /Backup_Dir/Last.txt
- Simplified find | tar Incremental Backup example
- Cnt = `cat /Backup_Dir/Last.txt`
- find $DIRS -mtime -$Cnt -print | tar zcvf /Backup_Dir/Date.$Cnt.tgz -T -
- echo "$Cnt +1" > /Backup_Dir/Last.txt
- Simplified dump | restore Backup example
- Simplified cpio Backup example
- find /home -xdev | cpio -pm /mnt/backup
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| Securely Copying the Backup File to the Remote Backup Servers |
- Simplified rsync - ssh example
- rsync -e ssh -av raffi@BackupServer.your_domain.com::/home/Backup/xfer/* /destination/xfer
- rsync -avz --delete HomeServer::/home/* /Backup/destination
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| Finding Files to Restore from Backups |
- Simplified find a file in the backups
- grep "File_2_Find.txt" /Backup_Dir/*.log
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| Restore Example Restore Commands |
- If you have to restore lots of lost data from backups, something else is wrong with your computer usage policy and proceedures and hardware choices
- Simplified tar Restore example
- cd / ; tar zxvfp /Backup_Dir/Date.x.tgz home/user/directory/file_2_restore.txt
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| Simplified Debian Save and Restore Example |
- mount and unmount the floppy as needed ( it holds your system config )
- Save System
dpkg --get-selections * > /mnt/floppy/pkg.lst
# You might want to save your important config files too
tar zcvf /mnt/floppy/etc.tgz /etc
- Restore System
- build a minimally installed debian from cdrom or net install
dpkg --set-selections < /mnt/floppy/pkg.lst
# Check your important config files
cd / ; tar zdvf /mnt/floppy/etc.tgz
apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade
( or apt-get dselect-upgrade )
( or aptitude install )
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